Using marijuana may affect your ability to think and plan, study says
Remember those classic stoner dudes -- Cheech and Chong,
anyone? -- spending their days in a weed-drenched room (or car), capable of little besides finding that next great high?
If you don't, that's not surprising. As more and more
states move to legalize marijuana, the stereotypical mind-numbing effects of
weed have become passé, often replaced by an acceptance of the drug as an
acceptable way to socialize, relax and get better sleep.
But
while society may have forgotten the impact that weed can have on the brain,
science has not.
Studies
have long shown that getting high
can harm cognitive function. Now, a new review of research, published in the journal Addiction, finds that impact may last well
beyond the initial high, especially for adolescents.
"Our
study enabled us to highlight several areas of cognition impaired by cannabis
use, including problems concentrating and difficulties remembering and
learning, which may have considerable impact on users' daily lives," said
coauthor Dr. Alexandre Dumais, associate clinical professor of psychiatry at
the University of Montreal.
"Cannabis
use in youth may consequently lead to reduced educational attainment, and, in
adults, to poor work performance and dangerous driving. These consequences may
be worse in regular and heavy users," Dumais said.
Weed's
impact on the brain can be particularly detrimental to cognitive development
for youth, whose brains are still developing, said Dr. Megan Moreno, a
professor of pediatrics at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and
Public Health, who was not involved in the study.
"This
study provides strong evidence for negative cognitive effects of cannabis use,
and should be taken as critical evidence to prioritize prevention of cannabis
use in youth," Moreno said. "And contrary to the time of Cheech and
Chong, we now know that the brain continues to develop through age 25.
"Parents
should be aware that adolescents using cannabis are at risk for damage to their
most important organ, their brain."
Higher-level
thinking
The
newly published review looked at studies on over 43,000 people and found a
negative impact of tetrahydrocannabinol or THC, the main psychoactive compound
in cannabis, on the brain's higher levels of thinking. Those executive
functions include the ability to make decisions, remember important data, plan,
organize and solve problems, as well as control emotions and behavior.
Can
you recover or reverse those deficits? Scientists aren't sure.
"Research
has revealed that THC is a fat-soluble compound that may be stored in body fat
and, thus, gradually released into the bloodstream for months," Dumais
said, adding that high-quality research is needed to establish the long-term
impact of that exposure.
Some
studies say the negative effects on the brain may ease after weed is
discontinued, but that may also depend on the amount, frequency and years of
marijuana use. The age in which weed use began may also play a role, if it
falls within the crucial developmental period of the youthful brain.
"Thus
far, the most consistent alterations produced by cannabis use, mostly its
chronic use, during youth have been observed in the prefrontal cortex,"
Dumais said. "Such alterations may potentially lead to a long-term
disruption of cognitive and executive functions."
In
addition, some studies have shown that "early and frequent cannabis use in
adolescence predicts poor cognition in adulthood," he added.
While
science sorts this out, "preventive and interventional measures to educate
youths on cannabis use and discourage them from using the substance in a
chronic manner should be considered ... since youths remain particularly
susceptible to the effects of cannabis," Dumais said.
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