Sodium Cyanide: The dangers of poisonous chemical spilled in Kiambu

The Ministry of Health reports that drums containing the poisonous chemical are missing, having been looted from the scene by unknown locals. 

MoH, in liaison with Kiambu County government, has since asked residents to return the highly toxic chemical. 

Dangers of Sodium Cyanide 

Sodium Cyanide is a white crystalline powder substance commonly used to extract gold or silver and can be used for fumigation, electroplating, and chemical manufacturing. When dry it is odorless however, in gaseous form, it has a musty smell.

Sodium cyanide can be mixed with hydrogen to form hydrogen cyanide which is also very lethal.

According to research, the chemical is hazardous to the body because it interferes with the body’s ability to use oxygen. Exposure to Sodium Cyanide is very fatal as it has effects to body parts that need oxygen to function i.e. the brain, the heart, and the lungs.

Due to its ability to be both a gas and substance, it may affect the body through inhalation, ingestion, skin and eye contact. Additionally, because of its ability to morph into gas or liquid, it can contaminate the air, food, water, and soil.

The CDC reports that when sodium cyanide is ingested, some of the symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and irritation of the lining of the esophagus and stomach. For inhalation, the symptoms may be mild to moderate.

Moderate symptoms include headaches, confusion, anxiety, dizziness, loss of consciousness, and shortness of breath.

The severe effects include seizures, dilated pupils, coma, cardiac arrest, dilated pupils and temporary blindness.

When one is exposed to the chemical, it is advised that they should be immediately removed from the site. If the eyes have been affected, they should be rinsed with water. 

Airways should not be obstructed and if ingested, vomiting should not be induced. Symptoms should be monitored, and medical attention must be sought immediately.

Inhalation of the gas may be very detrimental as the symptoms occur from seconds to minutes and for some cases death may occur. Haste is very important as delayed exposure may cause brain damage or memory loss. Damage that occurred may be permanent.

If a spill occurs in one's environment, one should ensure they do not touch anything in the vicinity or walk in the area. Prevent entry into waterways, isolate the area, and ensure proper ventilation.